When Causes Fail

Learning to Make Things Happen: How Children Learn Cause-and-Effect

1. Title Page
2. Acknowledgments
3. What is Cause-and-Effect?
4. Children’s Causal Knowledge
5. Social Cause-and-Effect
6. Intervention: Sign of Causal Learning
7. Intervention: How Science Happens
8. Learning Cause-and-Effect: Trial-and-Error Actions
9. Learning Cause-and-Effect: Space & Time Cues
10. Learning Cause-and-Effect: Observation
11. Toddlers Do It: Video Introduction
12. Toddlers Do It!
13. Older Children Do It Too: Video Introduction
14. Older Children Do It Too!
15. When Causes Fail
16. When Causes Fail
17. Causes in the Real World
18. Labeling Causes and Effects
19. Causal Explanations
20. Questionnaire
21. Knowledge Check
22. Additional Resources
23. Cited References